Kiʻi o ke Kumu o nā Panela Lā
Kiʻi o ke Kumu o nā Panela Lā
ʻO ka ikehu o ka lā ke kumu ikehu maikaʻi loa no ke kanaka, a ʻo kona mau hiʻohiʻona pau ʻole a hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻoholo ai e lilo ia i kumu kumu ikehu loa a kūpono loa no ke kanaka. He ikehu maʻemaʻe nā panela lā me ka ʻole o ka pollution kaiapuni. Ua ulu wikiwiki ʻo Dayang Optoelectronics i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo ia ke kahua noiʻi ikaika loa, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā papahana kiʻekiʻe loa.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana i nā panela lā e hoʻokumu nui ʻia i nā mea semiconductor, a ʻo kāna kumu hana e hoʻohana i nā mea photoelectric e hoʻomoʻa i ka ikehu māmā ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka photoelectric, e like me nā mea like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia: - film solar cell, i kēia lā e kamaʻilio nui iā ʻoe e pili ana i nā panela lā i hoʻokumu ʻia i ke kilika.
ʻO ka mea mua, nā panela solar silika
ʻO ke kumu o ka hana ʻana o ka mana o ka solar cell ka hopena photoelectric o nā semiconductors, a ʻo ke ʻano nui o nā semiconductors penei:
ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻātoma silika, a ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole e hōʻike ana i ʻehā mau electrons e hoʻopuni ana i kahi ʻātoma silika. Ke hui pū ʻia ke aniani silika me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe, e like me ka boron, phosphorus, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ka wā e hoʻohui ʻia ai ka boron, e loaʻa kahi puka i loko o ke aniani silika, a hiki i kona hoʻokumu ʻia ke kuhikuhi i kēia kiʻi:
ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻātoma silika, a ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole e hōʻike ana i ʻehā mau electrons e hoʻopuni ana i kahi ʻātoma silika. Hōʻike ka melemele i ka boron atom i hoʻohui ʻia, no ka mea he 3 wale nō nā electrons a puni ka boron atom, no laila e hoʻopuka i ka lua polū i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi, a lilo i mea paʻa ʻole no ka mea ʻaʻohe electrons, a ua maʻalahi ke komo i nā electrons a neutralize. , hana ana i P (positive) type semiconductor. Pēlā nō, ke hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻātoma phosphorus, no ka mea he ʻelima mau electron nā ʻātoma phosphorus, lilo kekahi electron i mea ikaika loa, e hana ana i nā semiconductors ʻano N(negative). ʻO nā mea melemele he nuclei phosphorus, a ʻo nā mea ʻulaʻula nā electrons keu. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi ma lalo nei.
Loaʻa i nā semiconductor ʻano P ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lua, ʻoiai ʻo N-type semiconductor i loaʻa i nā electrons ʻoi aku, no laila ke hui ʻia nā semiconductor ʻano P-type a me N-type, e hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa uila ma ka ʻili pili, ʻo ia ka hui PN.
Ke hoʻohui ʻia nā semiconductor P-type a me N-type, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻāpana lahilahi kūikawā ma ka ʻāpana interfacial o nā semiconductor ʻelua), a hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao P-type o ka interface a hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao N-type. ʻO kēia ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā semiconductors P-type he nui nā puka, a he nui nā electrons manuahi ʻano N-type, a aia ka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. Hoʻopuehu nā electrons ma ka ʻāpana N i ka ʻāpana P, a ʻo nā puka ma ka ʻāina P e hoʻopuehu i ka ʻāpana N, e hana ana i "ke kahua uila i loko" i kuhikuhi ʻia mai N a i P, no laila e pale ai i ka hoʻomau ʻana. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaulike, hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻāpana lahilahi kūikawā e hana i kahi ʻokoʻa kūpono, ʻo ia ka hui PN.
Ke ʻike ʻia ka wafer i ka mālamalama, e neʻe nā puka o ka semiconductor N-type ma ka hui PN i ka ʻāpana P-type, a neʻe nā electrons i ka ʻāpana ʻano P i ka ʻāpana ʻano N, e hopena i kahi au mai. ka ʻāpana ʻano N i ka ʻāpana ʻano P. A laila hoʻokumu ʻia kahi ʻokoʻa kūpono i ka hui PN, kahi e hoʻokumu ai i ka mana.